Mindmap van slavernij
Een plastic bakje met daarin stukjes suikerriet gaat rond in de aula van CSG Jan Arentsz in Alkmaar. Leerlingen pakken een stukje en leggen dat op hun tong. ‘Kauw er maar op’, zegt Maria Reinders-Karg. ‘Niet doorslikken hoor’, voegt ze eraan toe. Wat suikerriet en de slavernij met elkaar te maken hebben, leren de leerlingen van drie havo en vwo op dinsdag 17 maart tijdens de gastles van Stichting Stil Verleden. Maria: ‘Suikerriet was vroeger veel geld waard en om dat te verbouwen, hadden ze mensen nodig.’
De projectweek die de leerlingen volgen, staat in het teken van de slavernij. Al voor de gastles zijn de scholieren in de weer met het maken van een mindmap over de slavernij. Een docent Geschiedenis vraagt de leerlingen of de slavernij iets van het verleden is, of ook iets van het heden. De leerlingen zijn het erover eens dat dit thema nog steeds actueel is. ‘Kijk maar naar kinderarbeid in derdewereldlanden, of kindsoldaten in Afrika’, zegt een leerling.
Ook Maria begint haar presentatie met een verwijzing naar de moderne slavernij en laat een filmpje zien van een Aziatische vrouw die naar Europa kwam om te werken in het huishouden van een ambassadeur in Europa. De vrouw werd uitgebuit en wist het huis te ontvluchten. Slavernij is niet alleen iets van het verleden, of het heden, maar maakt ook onderdeel uit van de familiegeschiedenis van velen met familieleden in de voormalig koloniën. Maria: ‘We weten dat het gebeurd is, maar het zit niet in ons collectieve bewustzijn.’
Bij Maria thuis werd vroeger eigenlijk nauwelijks over de slavernij gepraat. Ze groeide op in Suriname en vertrok op negentienjarige leeftijd naar Nederland om te studeren. ‘Slavernij is geen mooi verhaal. Er werd thuis nooit over gesproken. Pas na het overlijden van mijn vader begon ik me erin te verdiepen.’ In haar presentatie laat ze zien dat je niet per se naar Suriname of de Nederlandse Antillen hoeft om de sporen van de slavernij te onderzoeken, want ook in Amsterdam, Utrecht, of in de provincie Zeeland zijn er genoeg sculpturen en gebouwen die naar de geschiedenis van de slavernij verwijzen.
‘Wie weet wie er op de Herengracht 502 in Amsterdam woont?’, vraagt Maria de leerlingen. Niemand steekt zijn vinger op, want de leerlingen hebben geen idee. Maria vertelt dat dit het huis, of eigenlijk het kantoor van de burgemeester is. ‘Vroeger woonde hier een Amsterdamse slavenhandelaar’, vertelt ze. Niet alleen Nederland en de voormalig Nederlandse kolonies krijgen aandacht tijdens de presentatie, ook de (slaven)geschiedenis van Amerika wordt verteld. ‘Wisten jullie dat tot slaaf gemaakten massaal van de Zuidelijke naar de Noordelijke staten probeerden te ontsnappen? Dit deden zij terwijl ze liederen zongen die ook wel slave spiritual songs worden genoemd.’
Ter afsluiting van de gastles zingen de leerlingen mee met het nummer Redemption Song van Bob Marley en discussiëren ze over de vraag of afschaffing van de slavernij tot vrijheid en gelijkheid leidt. Een leerling zegt dat dit niet zo is, omdat er nog steeds kinderen zijn die gedwongen moeten werken. Een ander stemt daar mee in en zegt dat mensen nog steeds uitgebuit worden en dat een moderne vorm van slavernij nog steeds voorkomt. Op de vraag of de leerlingen een droom hebben net als Martin Luther King, antwoordt een leerling: ‘Soms zou ik willen dat het leven als een sprookje is, omdat daarin alles altijd goed komt en alles vredig is. Een sprookje waar geen onderscheid wordt gemaakt tussen mensen.’
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